New technology helped cities grow. Elevated trains carried passengers over (1) streets. In 1887, the first (2) streetcar system opened in Richmond, Virginia. Ten years later, the nation's first electric subway trains began running beneath the streets of Boston.
Public transportation gave (3) to suburbs, living areas on the outskirts of a city. People no longer had to live in cities to work in cities. Steel bridges also (4) suburban growth. The Brooklyn Bridge, completed in 1883, (5) the city center in Manhattan to outlying Brooklyn. As a result, New York City was able to spread out to house its growing population.
Cities began to (6) upward as well as outward. In 1885, architects in Chicago constructed the first 10-story building. People called it a “skyscraper” because its top seemed to touch the sky. By 1900, (7) skyscrapers up to 30 stories high towered over cities. Electric elevators whisked office workers to the upper floors.
As cities grew outward from their old downtown sections, living patterns changed. Many cities took on a (8) shape. Poor families crowded (9) the oldest sections at the city's center. Middle-class people lived farther out in row houses or new apartment buildings. The rich built fine homes on the (10) of the city.