Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
Position: Environmental Sustainability Specialist
Responsibilities:
Collaborate with (19) teams to develop and implement sustainable practices.
Conduct research on environmental issues and emerging trends to inform (20) .
Design and implement initiatives to reduce our (21) footprint.
Engage with stakeholders to raise awareness about environmental conservation.
Monitor and report on the company's progress towards sustainability goals.

Discover Vietnam's Exquisite Ecological Marvels!
Embark on a transformative journey to explore the diverse and enchanting ecosystems of Vietnam. Highlights of Your Ecological Expedition:
- Breathtaking Biodiversity: Encounter rare and endemic species thriving in their natural habitats. Marvel at the vibrant flora and fauna that make Vietnam a hotspot for ecological enthusiasts.
- Majestic National Parks: Explore the hidden treasures of renowned (22) parks, where cascading waterfalls, ancient caves, and untouched landscapes await your discovery.
- Contribute to Conservation: Be a part of sustainable tourism and contribute (23) the preservation of Vietnam's unique ecosystems. Your visit supports ongoing (24) efforts.
Plan Your Unforgettable Eco-Adventure Today!

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct arrangement of the sentences to make a meaningful paragraph/letter in each of the following questions.

a. Secondly, environmental pollution from industrial and agricultural activities harms soil, water, and air quality, impacting both ecosystems and human health.
b. Addressing these challenges requires a comprehensive approach, including sustainable land use, pollution control, climate adaptation, and increased awareness of ecosystem conservation.
c. Thirdly, climate change exacerbates these issues, disrupting the delicate balance within ecosystems.
d. Ecosystems in Vietnam encounter significant challenges.
e. Firstly, rapid deforestation and habitat loss due to urbanization and agriculture threaten biodiversity.
f. Moreover, inadequate management and conservation practices further contribute to habitat degradation.

a. Moreover, exposure to diverse cultures through tourism promotes cross-cultural understanding and appreciation for nature, contributing to the enrichment of communities.
b. Firstly, tourism plays a significant role in supporting local economies since it brings economic benefits, fostering development, and providing job opportunities for communities.
c. In conclusion, finding a delicate balance between reaping the economic benefits of tourism and minimizing its negative ecological impacts is essential. Sustainable practices and responsible tourism are crucial for the well-being of both local communities and the ecosystems they inhabit. Best regards,
d. Dear Jenny, I hope this letter finds you well. I wanted to share some thoughts on the impacts of tourism on ecosystems, highlighting both the positive and negative aspects.
e. Additionally, the influx of tourists may contribute to pollution, putting stress on local ecosystems and their ability to sustain themselves.
f. However, on the flip side, the development of tourist infrastructure can result in deforestation and the loss of valuable ecosystems.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
Enric Sala is a full-time conservationist as a National Geographic Explorer in Residence. In 2008, he founded National Geographic Pristine Seas, a project that combines exploration, research, public policy and media (27) . The project aims to protect at least 30 percent of the ocean by 2030 for the benefit of nature and humanity and (28) .
The ongoing marine protection efforts are an expression of a lifelong passion for Sala. He says. “The exotic places, the daring underwater explorers, the spectacular creatures. It was all I wanted to do with my life,” he adds. “Sometimes dreams do come true.”
“Over the last century alone, we have removed over 90 percent of the ocean’s large fish, yet less than eight percent of the ocean is under some kind of protection. We’re still learning about the damage from fishing activities, like bottom trawling, (29) - the world’s largest carbon storehouse,” Sala writes. “But it is possible to restore the ocean’s benefits to people and the planet. All we must do is rewild the sea. The only catch is that we can’t wait. We have less than a decade to act.”
Sala claims that preserving the planet’s wild places, on land and in the ocean, is a matter of human survival and economic importance in (30) , The Nature of Nature: Why We Need the Wild, published in 2020. The process (31) , “allows nature to do the hard work for us,” he explains.
“Our natural world can be a sustainable engine of regeneration, we just (32) ,” he adds, citing wildlife restoration successes in Yellowstone and Mozambique national parks, and the Southern Line Islands.
Adapted from https://www.nationalgeographic.com/impact/article/enric-sala-protecting-the-last-wild-places-in-the-ocean

Read the passage below and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer (A, B, C or D) that fits best for the gap.
Wildlife conservation is the practice of protecting plant and animal species and their habitats. (36) part of the world’s ecosystems, wildlife provides balance and stability to nature’s processes. The goal of wildlife conservation is to ensure the survival of these species, and to educate people (37) living sustainably with other species.
The human population has grown exponentially over the past 200 years, to more than seven billion people today, and it continues to rapidly grow. (38) means natural resources are being consumed faster than ever by the billions of people on the planet. This growth and development also endangers the habitats and existence of various types of wildlife around the world, particularly animals and plants that may (39) for land development, or used for food or other human purposes, other threats to wildlife include the (40) of invasive species from other parts of the world, climate change, pollution, hunting, fishing, and poaching.
Source: https://education.nationatgeographic.org/resource/wildlife-conservation/

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
In the past hundred years, biodiversity around the world has decreased dramatically. Many species have gone extinct. Extinction is a natural process; some species naturally die out while new species evolve. But human activity has changed the natural processes of extinction and evolution. Scientists estimate that they are dying out at hundreds of times the natural rate.
A major reason for the loss of biodiversity is that natural habitats are being destroyed. The fields, forests, and wetlands where wild plants and animals live are disappearing. Land is cleared to plant crops or build houses and factories. Forests are cut for lumber and firewood. Between 1990 and 2005, the amount of forested land in Honduras, for instance, dropped 37 percent.
As habitats shrink, fewer individuals can live there. The creatures that survive have fewer breeding partners, so genetic diversity declines.
Pollution, overfishing, and overhunting have also caused a drop in biodiversity. Global climate change - the latest rise in the average temperature around the globe, linked to human activity - is also a factor. Warmer ocean temperatures damage fragile ecosystems such as coral reefs. A single coral reef can shelter 3,000 species offish and other sea creatures such as clams and sea stars.
Source: https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/global-biodiversity/

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
One threat to South East Asia’s biodiversity is the illegal wildlife trade. Worth approximately US$20 billion annually, it’s the fourth-biggest illegal trade in the world.
In Southeast Asia, hunting represents the greatest threat to the future survival of many species, with few native mammals of over 2kg surviving outside protected areas. Hunting represents a threat to all species, with high-value species sought and traded by criminal groups and smaller species traded for medicine, food or sport.
Trade in wildlife in Asia can be grouped into three main types: for medicinal purposes, for status (either in wildlife restaurants or as ornaments) or for the pet, zoo and aquarium trades (principally birds and reptiles).
Traditional medicine in Vietnam and China represents a threat to a wide variety of species, but most notably the pangolin, which is the most trafficked animal on the planet. Sadly, the use of endangered species in medicine shows little sign of decrease. Whereas celebrities have campaigned for species that are targeted for status and ornamentation, such as elephant ivory, many other animals and plants have failed to get the attention needed to prevent over-exploitation. And a number are now facing extinction.
The pet and zoo trade in wildlife, especially for reptiles and birds, have recently received attention, as many species formerly thought to be captive-bred are now known to be wild-caught. They have suffered serious population declines as a result of exploitation for trade.
Adapted from: https://theconversation.com/even-as-more-new-species-are-found-southeast- asia-is-in-the-grip-of-a-biodiversity-crisis-67700