I. PRONUNCIATION ⇱
II. Choose the answer (A, B, C or D) that best fits the space in each question. ⇱
III. Look at each sign or notice. Choose the best answer (A, B, C or D) that matches its meaning. ⇱
IV. Choose the word (A, B, C or D) that best fits each blank space in the following passage. ⇱
Stress is often believed to cause serious harm to our physical and mental well-being. But, do all types of stress badly affect our health? According to researchers from Yale University, those who look on the (17) ______ side of stress enjoy better health, greater life satisfaction, and superior work performance over those who regard stress as a (18) ______ of negative emotions. Their findings suggest that, during stress, the body releases (19) ______ adrenalin and cortisol. These hormones have been given a bad rap for making us “sick”. However, stress can enhance immunity and create mental toughness although chronic exposure to the hormones can take a (20) ______ on our immune system, making us feel flat and (21) ______ out.
Stress is inevitable, but its effects are not. What we need to do is focus (22) ______ making meaning out of it. For example, if children are stressed about an exam, parents can use it as an opportunity to encourage positive and equally true statements. They can say, “Show your skills, and see how well you can concentrate when you put your mind to it.”
(Adapted from The Benefits of Stress by Melbourne Child Psychology & School Psychology Services)
V. Read the following and do as directed. ⇱
Research on animal behavior has increasingly revealed the depth of emotions and cognitive abilities present in various species. Contrary to earlier views that animals only reacted instinctively to stimuli, modern studies suggest that they possess complex inner lives that involve thoughts and feelings similar to those of humans.
To challenge the preconception, primatologist Dr. Jane Goodall carried out research on free-living chimpanzees in Africa. They laugh when they play and cry when they grieve. They experience and express joy, sadness, fear, and even playfulness. For example, Goodall documented many instances where chimpanzee mothers comforted their young by embracing and grooming when they were frightened. Another example indicating a level of empathy and emotional understanding is her observation of social interactions among adult chimps. She noted that after conflicts or stressful incidents, adult chimps would engage in behaviors such as embracing, grooming or sitting closely together, which served as reconciliation. Therefore, touching and grooming are vital to maintaining stable relationships and keeping the peace within the community group. Conversely, chimpanzees deprived of normal living environments and social interaction often succumb to depression and other emotional illnesses, from which many never fully recover. As intelligent social animals, they suffer intensely from isolation.
By and large, Jane Goodall’s observations have highlighted the importance of recognizing and respecting the emotional lives of chimpanzees and other non-human animals. Her work continues to inspire studies on animal behavior, conservation efforts, and our ethical considerations towards animals.
VI. Supply the correct form of the word given in each sentence. ⇱
VII. Look at the entry of the word “pain” in a dictionary. Use what you can get from the entry to complete the sentences with TWO or THREE words. ⇱
