UNIT 6: GENDER EQUALITY - READING - Bài tập Tiếng Anh lớp 10 - Global Success

For Catherine Lumby, deciding to take on the role of breadwinner in her relationship was not a difficult choice. When she discovered she was pregnant with her first child, she had just been offered a demanding new role as Director of the Media and Communications department at the University of Sydney. But she didn't see this as an obstacle and was prepared to use childcare when the children were old enough. It came, therefore, as a surprise to Lumby and her husband Derek that, after the birth of their son, they couldn’t actually bear the thought of putting him into childcare for nine hours a day. As she was the one with the secure job, the role of primary caregiver fell to Derek, who was writing scripts for television. This arrangement continued for the next four years, with Derek working from home and caring for both of their sons. He returned to full-time work earlier this year.
Whilst Lumby and her husband are by no means the only Australians making such a role reversal, research suggests that they are in the minority. In a government-funded survey in 2001, only 5.5 percent of couples in the 30–54-year age group saw the women working either part- or full-time while the men were unemployed.
The situation is likely to change, according to the CEO of Relationships Australia, Anne Hollonds. She suggests that this is due to several reasons, including the number of highly educated women in the workforce and changing social patterns and expectations. However, she warns that for couples involved in role-switching, there are many potential difficulties to be overcome. For men whose self-esteem is connected to their jobs and the income it provides to the family, a major change of thinking is required. It also requires women to reassess, particularly with regard to domestic or child-rearing decisions, and they may have to learn to deal with the guilt of not always being there at key times for their children. Being aware of these issues can make operating in non-traditional roles a lot easier.

In 1812 a young man called James Barry finished his studies in medicine at Edinburgh University. After graduating he moved to London where he studied surgery at Guy’s Hospital. After that the popular young doctor joined the army and over the next forty years had a brilliant career as an army medical officer, working in many far-off countries and fighting successfully for improved conditions in hospitals. It was a remarkable career - made even more remarkable by the discovery upon his death that he was in fact a she, James Barry was a woman.
No one was more surprised at this discovery than her many friends and colleagues. It was true that throughout her life people had remarked upon her small size, slight build and smooth pale face. One officer had even objected to her appointment as a medical assistant because he could not believe that Barry was old enough to have graduated in medicine. But no one had ever seriously suggested that Barry was anything other than a man.
By all accounts Barry was a pleasant and good-humoured person with high cheekbones, reddish hair, a long nose and large eyes. She was well-liked by her patients and had a reputation for great speed in surgery - an important quality at a time when operations were performed without anaesthetic. She was also quick tempered. When she was working in army hospitals and prisons overseas, the terrible conditions often made her very angry. She fought hard against injustice and cruelty and her temper sometimes got her into trouble with the authority. After a long career overseas, she returned to London where she died in 1865. While the undertaker’s assistant was preparing her body for burial, she discovered that James Barry was a woman.
So why did James Barry deceive people for so long? At that time a woman could not study medicine, work as a doctor or join the army. Perhaps Barry had always wanted to do these things and pretending to be a man was the only way to make it possible. Perhaps she was going to tell the truth one day but didn’t because she was enjoying her life as a man too much. Whatever the reason, Barry's deception was successful. By the time it was discovered that she had been the first woman in Britain to qualify as a doctor, it was too late for the authorities to do anything about it.

SEXISM
The attitude against women had its ___(14)___ from the beginning of mankind’s history when men lived in caves and went hunting for food. The task of hunting needed great strength of body. ___(15)___, the best place for women was not in forests, but at home where they could satisfactorily do their job, such as doing household chores and looking after children. In our modern time, there are more and more jobs which do not need the strength of ___(16)___. It is a consequence that women have played a/an ___(17)___ important role in the society. However, there are still many backward places, especially in Asian countries. Most illiterates are females. A man often expects his wife and daughters to stay at home, serve him, and obey him in all things. Women are considered as ___(18)___ to men. Young girls are educated to tolerate and accept intimate partner violence as a part of tradition.

Saudi Women Register To Vote For The First Time
Women in Saudi Arabia began registering to vote this week for the first time in the nation’s ___(19)___. The late King Abdullah announced in November, 2015 that women would be allowed to run for office and vote in city elections, which ___(20)___ every four years. At least 70 women intend to run for office, and more than 80 registered as campaign managers, Arab News reported last month. ___(21)___ the legal barrier to voting has been lifted, other Saudi laws and culture could complicate women’s ___(22)___ to cast their votes.
Saudi women still have to deal with limits on their freedom of movement, and since it’s illegal for them to drive, many of them will have to ___(23)___ male members of their family to take them to register and to vote. Male relatives who oppose female voting rights could also be a barrier. The government also ___(24)___ voters to have personal ID cards, and many Saudi women do not.
To make serious ___(25)___ on women’s rights, Saudi authorities should ___(26)___ the male guardianship system, under which caring policies and practices ___(27)___ women from obtaining a passport, marrying, traveling, or accessing higher education without the approval of a male guardian. Only then will Saudi Arabia's women be able to ___(28)___ to society on an equal situation with men.