UNIT 7: VIETNAM AND INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS - READING (2) - Bài tập Tiếng Anh lớp 10 - Global Success

UNICEF was created in 1946 to help bring food and medicine to children who suffered during World War II in Europe. It began as a temporary agency, but became a permanent part of the United Nations in 1953 ___(1)___ the need for its services around the world. UNICEF's primary concern is to help governments of developing countries improve the quality of life for ___(2)___ one billion children. UNICEF's main office is in the United Nations offices in New York City, but it also has more than 40 offices and 100 programs ___(3)___. In 1965, UNICEF won the Nobel Peace Prize for its work helping children and building brighter future.
UNICEF works with governments to provide three kinds of services. First, UNICEF plans and develops programs in developing countries. These programs serve the community ___(4)___ providing health care, information about nutrition, basic education, and safe water and sanitation. Then UNICEF trains people to work in these programs. UNICEF also provides supplies and equipment that ___(5)___ the programs to work.

The World Trade Organization came into being in 1995. One of the youngest of the international organizations, the WTO is the successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) established in the wake of the Second World War. So while the WTO is relatively young, the multilateral trading system that was originally set up under the GATT is over 70 years old.
The past 70 years have seen an exceptional growth in world trade. Merchandise exports have grown on average by 6% annually. This growth in trade has been a powerful engine for overall economic expansion and on average trade has grown by 1.5 times more than the global economy each year. Total exports in 2016 were 250 times the level of 1948. The GATT and the WTO have helped to create a strong and prosperous trading system contributing to unprecedented growth.
The system was developed through a series of trade negotiations, or rounds, held under the GATT. The first rounds dealt mainly with tariff reductions but later negotiations included other areas such as anti-dumping and non-tariff measures. The 1986-94 round – the Uruguay Round – led to the WTO’s creation.

A. UNICEF provides a relief network for children and their parents or other caregivers in the aftermath of disasters, such as floods, earthquakes, and droughts. It has worked extensively with children from war-tom countries to help alleviate their suffering. The organization works to prevent
child abuse, child labor, sexual exploitation of children, and the use of children as soldiers. In the United States, UNICEF has focused its work on inner-city children victimized by random violence and gang warfare.
B. UNICEF has provided immunization to millions of children against potentially fatal diseases, such as diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, measles, polio, and tuberculosis. UNICEF's promotion of basic health-care delivery systems and treatments, such as rehydration therapy for children suffering from diarrhea, has also contributed to dramatic reductions in child mortality. In response to the global epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), UNICEF works to prevent the transmission of AIDS and human immunodeficiency virus (VHS) in young people and to obtain medicine for infected individuals. It also helps communities, especially those in sub-Saharan Africa, care for the millions of children orphaned by the death of their parents from AIDS.
C. UNICEF receives financial support from more than 150 national governments. Like many international aid organizations, however, UNICEF faces shrinking government subsidies for the work it performs. UNICEF' s challenge in the years ahead is to attract a greater percentage of its funding from foundations, corporations, and individuals to ensure its programs can continue.