I. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

New technology helped cities grow. Elevated trains carried passengers over ___(1)___ streets. In 1887, the first ___(2)___ streetcar system opened in Richmond, Virginia. Ten years later, the nation's first electric subway trains began running beneath the streets of Boston.
Public transportation gave ___(3)___ to suburbs, living areas on the outskirts of a city. People no longer had to live in cities to work in cities. Steel bridges also ___(4)___ suburban growth. The Brooklyn Bridge, completed in 1883, ___(5)___ the city center in Manhattan to outlying Brooklyn. As a result, New York City was able to spread out to house its growing population.
Cities began to ___(6)___ upward as well as outward. In 1885, architects in Chicago constructed the first 10-story building. People called it a “skyscraper” because its top seemed to touch the sky. By 1900, ___(7)___ skyscrapers up to 30 stories high towered over cities. Electric elevators whisked office workers to the upper floors.
As cities grew outward from their old downtown sections, living patterns changed. Many cities took on a ___(8)___ shape. Poor families crowded ___(9)___ the oldest sections at the city's center. Middle-class people lived farther out in row houses or new apartment buildings. The rich built fine homes on the ___(10)___ of the city.