Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions
Consumerism focuses on the belief that it’s beneficial to encourage people to buy and use a large number of goods or services. During its early years of development, consumerism was influenced by the Age of Exploration, which occurred from the 15th to 18th century. During this period, European exploration and colonization of the new lands of America, Africa, and parts of Asia provided the European countries with an abundance of raw materials. These materials were used to create more consumer goods, while vast colonies meant there were large markets to consume the goods European countries produced. These two factors helped increase the spread of consumerism.
The Industrial Revolution, which started in the 1700s in England and soon spread to other countries in Europe and North America, also played a pivotal role in spreading consumerism worldwide. Before the Industrial Revolution, goods were produced on a small scale, often in people’s homes. However, the revolution radically changed this. The invention of new machines, the use of new basic materials, and new energy sources gave rise to a huge number of factories being built in towns and cities where goods could be mass-produced. The greater availability of new and cheap goods meant that there was a greater variety of affordable products for people to choose from, helping intensify the trend toward consumerism.
In the 20th century, effective marketing campaigns caused people to associate their social status with their level of consumption. This led to a boom in consumption rates on a global scale. Today, consumerism continues to intensify as a result of influential marketing strategies and the cheap and steady supply of resources and goods.

What can be inferred about the effects of marketing campaigns on consumerism?